Most dog breeds are designed to conserve heat rather than dissipate it. Unlike humans, dogs lack sweat glands across their bodies, losing heat primarily through their paw pads and by panting. Their fur, which insulates in the cold, can become a liability in the heat, making them prone to overheating.
Certain breeds require special attention in the sun. For example, white or fine-coated breeds like Bull Terriers and Greyhounds are particularly prone to sunburn. On the other hand, dogs with black coats, such as Schipperkes, absorb more heat, increasing their risk of overheating and heatstroke.
Panting and Rapid Breathing: Dogs pant to cool themselves, so rapid, loud panting can be a sign they're overheating.
Excessive Drooling: Drooling more than usual can indicate they're too hot.
Lethargy and Weakness: If your dog seems unusually tired or weak, they might be overheating.
Disorientation: Signs of confusion or stumbling can be serious indicators of heat distress.
Unlimited Water Access: Make sure your dog always has access to fresh water.
Cold Treats: Use your freezer to create cold treats like frozen chew toys or dog-safe ice pops. You can make these by freezing broth or water with bits of their favorite treats inside.
Hydration Stations: Place water bowls in multiple locations around your home and yard to encourage frequent drinking.
Seek Cooler Areas: Move to the coolest part of your house, such as the basement. Consider staying with friends or in a pet-friendly hotel if your air conditioning fails.
Fans and AC: Use fans and air conditioning to keep the environment cool. Ensure your dog has a comfortable spot with good airflow.
Shade and Shelter: Provide shaded areas for your dog to rest outside. Portable canopies or shade cloths can be very useful.
Avoid Midday Sun: Walk your dog early in the morning or late in the evening when temperatures are lower.
Battery-operated Fan: Keep a portable fan handy to provide a refreshing breeze.
Cool Cloths: Use chamois cloths (like those used to dry cars) to cool your dog. Wet the cloth, place it on your dog's back, and remove it before it gets too damp. Keep the cloth in a cooler, but avoid direct contact with ice to prevent it from getting too cold.
Cooling Vest: These vests reflect heat and cool your dog through evaporation.
Cooling Crate Pad or Wet Towel: Let your dog lie on a cool, wet towel or stand on it to help release heat from their paws.
Rubbing Alcohol: Apply it behind your dog's ears, on their stomach, or on their paws. Rubbing alcohol cools faster than water and can help draw out heat.
Spray Bottle: Fill it with cool water and spray the underside of your dog's body, the bottoms of their feet, and inside their mouth.
Rectal Thermometer: Use this to check that your dog's temperature doesn't rise above 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit.
Electrolyte Solution: Offer unflavored pediatric electrolyte solutions to help rehydrate your dog if they become dehydrated.
Despite your best efforts, your dog might still develop heatstroke. Here are the symptoms to look out for: rapid and loud breathing, a high rectal temperature (103 degrees Fahrenheit or higher), extreme thirst, weakness and fatigue, frequent vomiting, disorientation, a dark or bright red tongue and gums, skin that doesn't snap back when pinched (a sign of dehydration), difficulty breathing, thick saliva, rapid heartbeat, heavy drooling, and agitation.
If you notice these symptoms, take immediate action to cool your dog down: move to a cooler, shaded or air-conditioned area, pour cool water over your dog's head and body (a gentle stream from a hose or a tub of cool water both work), and gently separate their fur with your fingers to allow the cool air to reach their skin.
Relocate: Move your dog to a shaded or air-conditioned area.
Hydrate: Offer small amounts of water or an unflavored electrolyte solution.
Cool Down: Pour cool (not cold) water over your dog's body. Use a hose with a gentle stream or immerse them in a tub of cool water. Avoid using ice-cold water as it can cause blood vessels to constrict and worsen the situation.
Monitor Temperature: Use a rectal thermometer to check your dog's temperature. Aim to reduce it gradually to 103 degrees Fahrenheit.
Avoid Midday Walks: Walk your dog early in the morning or late in the evening when temperatures are cooler.
Shade and Rest: Ensure your dog has access to shaded areas and encourage them to rest, especially if they are active.
Cool Flooring: Provide a cool surface for your dog to lie on, such as a tiled floor or a cooling mat.
Limit Exercise: Reduce the intensity and duration of your dog's exercise on hot days.
Grooming: Regular grooming can help to reduce excess fur that can trap heat. However, avoid shaving your dog's coat completely as it provides sun protection.
By taking these precautions and being vigilant about your dog's needs, you can help ensure they stay cool, comfortable, and safe during the hot summer months.
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